Abstract:
Introduction: The intersection of chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, and the persistent threat of catheter-related infections presents a significant challenge in modern healthcare (Rybka et al., 2022). Hemodialysis, while life-sustaining, necessitates the insertion of catheters, which unfortunately become a nidus for microbial colonization and subsequent biofilm formation (Polinarski et al., 2021). [..]
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