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Expanded graphite is considered a stepping stone to graphene because it can be easily exfoliated into graphene layers when forming composite materials. It therefore has the potential to significantly improve conductivity and mechanical properties in most composites, as shown in the literature. In its natural form, expanded graphite is unsuitable for electrospinning, so it was reduced in size through ultrasonication. AC electrospinning is preferred due to its high production rate and lower risk of particle settling, as it uses pumps instead of a slow-moving syringe. There was no significant improvement in electrical conductivity due to the dominant structural effects attributed to the spinning process, which resulted in increased moisture uptake. Enhancements can be achieved by adding a conductive polymer network that works in synergy with the expanded graphite, thereby overcoming the conductivity limitations attributed to moisture. This work also showed that at low loading, up to 10% uEG in PVA, there can be an improvement in mechanical properties; however, the addition of fillers generally resulted in a decrease in breaking strength and modulus of the materials.

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