from the conferences organized by TANGER Ltd.
This review combines research on chemical processes involved in calcium carbide production using low-rank coal as a reductant to address gaps in understanding reaction mechanisms, process efficiency, and raw material utilization. The review aimed to evaluate reaction pathways, benchmark energy consumption, assess coal properties and preparation effects, identify additives enhancing yield and purity, and compare thermodynamic and kinetic models. Literature from experimental, modeling, and process optimization studies published up to mid-2024 was systematically analyzed using a framework integrating chemical, thermodynamic, kinetic, and reactor design perspectives. Key findings reveal that one-step direct reactions between calcium oxide and carbon dominate under industrial conditions, with coal rank and pelletizing methods critically influencing reaction kinetics and product quality. Energy efficiency improvements arise from waste heat recovery, oxy-thermal furnace designs, and alternative carbon sources such as biomass and waste plastics, though scalability remains limited. Additives including potassium and lithium compounds catalyze formation and lower reaction temperatures, while advanced thermodynamic and kinetic models provide predictive insights but require further validation under heterogeneous feedstock conditions. These findings collectively underscore the potential of low-rank coal and process innovations to enhance sustainable calcium carbide production. The review highlights the need for integrated experimental and modeling approaches to optimize industrial application and reduce environmental impact.
Keywords: Review, Calcium-carbide, low-rank coal, yield, purity.© This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.