from the conferences organized by TANGER Ltd.
The smelting units, which are used for melting metal waste, are equipped with lances for blowing gaseous media. In case of refining lances, this is oxygen. These gaseous media enable, in particular, the melting of scrap and the intensive homogenisation of the resulting melt. In this connection, blowing systems have been developed both for blowing the gaseous media onto the melt surface or into the melt itself and also for blowing the gaseous mixture with powdery substances. In the design of the blowing systems and the individual lance heads and nozzles, it is necessary to respect certain recommendations, the derivation of which is based on long experience and knowledge gained in this field. The present paper summarises these recommendations for the design and construction of the refining lance heads. Furthermore, the paper describes lance heads made of cast and forged components including the method of their cooling by circulating water. The paper deals with only a part of the whole rather complex issue, but the design recommendations and description of the design of selected refining lance heads should help designers and engineers to navigate this issue as well as the process of designing systems that meet high quality, efficiency and operational reliability requirements.
Keywords: steel production, metal scrap processing, oxygen lance, nozzle, gas blowing, lance heads© This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.