from the conferences organized by TANGER Ltd.
Research and Development is believed to be a major source of innovations, which are increasingly driving modern economic growth. Although we are convinced that investments in R&D and other innovation assets are desirable they are difficult to measure from business perspective. I analyze changes in research and development expenditures focusing on industrial metals and mining companies. The main result of the paper is the recognition of differences and changes in R&D spending implicating changes in strategic approach to R&D.
Keywords: R&D, corporations, metallurgy, innovation© This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.