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Implementation of the circular economy concept involves the need to close the loop of the product life cycles and requires extensive activities related to reverse logistics. Correct execution and efficiency evaluation of these actions require application of appropriate indicators and measures. This paper presents considerations concerning measuring circularity at the product level. Basic circularity metrics at the product level are identified and characterized. In particular, the theoretical and methodological background to determination of the Material Circularity Indicator of a product (MCIP) is described. An analysis is conducted of example MCIP calculations that take account of the product various parameters, such as diverse feedstock from recycled sources, different fractions of the product collected for recycling at the end of its use phase, as well as changes in the recycling process efficiency and in the product utility. The analysis results indicate the key parameters for obtaining the best circularity and environmental performance of the product.
Keywords: circular economy, circularity measuring, material circularity indicator© This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.